Moving to the United Kingdom: Visa & Tax Guide (2025) — RoamHub

Why the United Kingdom?

The United Kingdom remains one of the most popular destinations for international professionals and expats. London is a global financial hub, while cities like Manchester, Edinburgh, Birmingham, and Bristol offer strong job markets and lower living costs. English being the primary language removes a major barrier for many newcomers, and the UK’s diverse cultural landscape means you will find communities from virtually every part of the world.

That said, post-Brexit immigration rules have fundamentally changed how non-British citizens move to and work in the UK. EU and non-EU nationals now face the same points-based immigration system, so understanding the visa landscape is essential before making any plans.

Post-Brexit Visa System

Since January 2021, the UK operates a points-based immigration system. The main routes for skilled workers and professionals include the following.

Skilled Worker Visa

The Skilled Worker visa is the most common route for employed professionals. You need a job offer from a UK employer who holds a sponsor licence. The role must meet a minimum salary threshold (generally GBP 38,700 per year as of 2025, though lower thresholds apply for certain shortage occupations and some other exceptions). You also need to demonstrate English language proficiency at the required level.

Global Talent Visa

The Global Talent visa is aimed at leaders and emerging talent in academia, research, arts, culture, and digital technology. It does not require a job offer or sponsorship. Instead, you need an endorsement from a recognized body in your field. This visa offers significant flexibility, including the freedom to work for any employer or be self-employed.

Youth Mobility Scheme

Citizens of certain countries (including Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and others) aged 18 to 30 can apply for the Youth Mobility Scheme visa. This allows you to live and work in the UK for up to two years. It does not require a job offer, but places are limited and allocated through a ballot system for some nationalities.

Other Routes

Innovator Founder visa: For experienced business founders looking to establish a business in the UK.
Graduate visa: For international students who have completed a degree at a UK university, allowing two years of post-study work (three years for doctoral graduates).
Family visas: For partners, children, and other dependents of British citizens or settled persons.

Use our Visa Checker and Work Permit Guide to explore which routes may apply to your situation.

Tax and National Insurance

The UK tax system is administered by HMRC (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs). Most employees pay tax through the PAYE (Pay As You Earn) system, where tax is deducted directly from your salary by your employer.

Income Tax Rates (2024/25 Tax Year)

Personal Allowance: The first GBP 12,570 of income is tax-free.
Basic rate (20%): GBP 12,571 to GBP 50,270.
Higher rate (40%): GBP 50,271 to GBP 125,140.
Additional rate (45%): Over GBP 125,140.

Scotland has its own income tax bands, with slightly different thresholds and rates. If you live in Scotland, Scottish rates apply to your non-savings, non-dividend income.

National Insurance Contributions

In addition to income tax, employees pay National Insurance contributions (NICs), which fund the state pension and certain benefits. The main rate for employees is currently 8% on earnings between GBP 12,570 and GBP 50,270, and 2% on earnings above that threshold. Your employer also pays NICs on your behalf.

Tax Considerations for New Arrivals

If you arrive partway through the tax year (which runs from 6 April to 5 April), your tax position may be split between the UK and your previous country of residence. The UK has double taxation agreements with many countries to prevent you from being taxed twice on the same income. Consulting a tax advisor familiar with cross-border situations is strongly recommended.

Use our Salary Calculator to estimate your net pay after tax and National Insurance.

Cost of Living

Living costs in the UK vary dramatically depending on where you settle. London is significantly more expensive than most other parts of the country.

Approximate monthly costs for a single person (as of 2025):

Rent (1-bedroom, city center): GBP 1,500 to 2,200 in London, GBP 700 to 1,000 in Manchester, GBP 800 to 1,100 in Edinburgh.
Utilities: GBP 150 to 250 per month (electricity, gas, water, internet).
Groceries: GBP 200 to 350 per month.
Public transport: GBP 150 to 180 per month in London (Zones 1-3 Travelcard), GBP 60 to 90 in other cities.
Dining out: GBP 12 to 20 for a typical meal at an inexpensive restaurant.

Overall, many expats in London report monthly expenses of GBP 2,500 to 3,500, while those in Manchester, Birmingham, or Edinburgh may spend GBP 1,500 to 2,200 per month.

Compare costs with your home city using our Cost of Living Comparator.

NHS Healthcare

The National Health Service (NHS) provides healthcare that is largely free at the point of use for UK residents. As an expat on a visa lasting more than six months, you will typically need to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of your visa application. The IHS is currently GBP 1,035 per year for most visa categories. Once paid, you are entitled to use NHS services on the same basis as a permanent resident.

To access NHS services, register with a local GP (General Practitioner) surgery near your home. GP appointments, hospital treatment, and emergency care are covered. Prescriptions in England carry a per-item charge (currently GBP 9.90), though prescriptions are free in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Dental and optical care are only partially covered by the NHS, and many residents arrange private cover for these services. During your initial transition period, travel insurance from providers like World Nomads can provide additional coverage.

Banking

Opening a UK bank account can be one of the more frustrating early tasks for new arrivals. Traditional high-street banks (such as Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds, and NatWest) typically require proof of address, which creates a catch-22 if you have not yet signed a lease.

Digital banks like Monzo and Starling are often easier to open as a newcomer, as they may accept alternative forms of address verification. Many expats start with a digital bank and open a traditional account later once they have established proof of address.

For receiving salary or income from abroad, or for sending money internationally, Wise is widely used by expats in the UK. It offers multi-currency accounts with competitive exchange rates and low transfer fees, which is especially useful if you are being paid in a currency other than British pounds.

Disclosure: The Wise link above is an affiliate link. See our disclaimer for details.

Practical Tips

Apply for a National Insurance number as soon as possible after arriving. You need one to work legally and to ensure your tax and NICs are recorded correctly.
Register with a GP early, even if you are healthy. Wait times for new patient registration can vary by area.
Council Tax is a local tax based on the value of your property. Budget for approximately GBP 100 to 200 per month depending on your area and property band.
Consider cities outside London if cost of living is a concern. Manchester, Leeds, Bristol, Glasgow, and Edinburgh all have strong job markets and more affordable housing.
Weather expectations: The UK climate is mild but often grey and rainy. Prepare for short winter days and invest in good waterproof clothing.

Explore More

Visit our United Kingdom country page for an overview of key facts, living conditions, and relocation resources.

This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. Immigration rules change frequently. Always verify the latest requirements with official UK government sources (gov.uk) or a qualified immigration lawyer.